Since its inception in 1994 under NAFTA (now USMCA), the TN Visa program has created a streamlined path for skilled professionals from Canada and Mexico to work in the U.S. From engineering to healthcare, TN workers fill essential roles in high-demand industries. New data from a recent study by Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy provides a deeper understanding of the program’s evolution and impact on the U.S. labor market.
What is the TN Visa?
The TN (Trade NAFTA) Visa allows Canadian and Mexican citizens to work in the U.S. in over 60 qualifying professions. Key benefits of the TN Visa include:
- No annual cap on visa numbers.
- Renewable every three years.
- Available to those with a bachelor’s degree (or higher) in designated fields.
Key Findings from 30 Years of TN Visa Data
- Growing Participation by Mexican Workers: Historically, Canadian professionals made up the majority of TN visa holders. However, the number of Mexican applicants has surged, especially since 2015, surpassing Canadian professionals in recent years. By 2022, Mexican TN workers accounted for almost two-thirds of all TN visa holders.
- Diverse Fields of Employment: TN professionals contribute significantly to STEM fields, including engineering and medical science. Occupations like mechanical and industrial engineering and veterinary medicine saw the largest number of TN workers.
- Wage Disparities: There are noticeable differences between Mexican and Canadian TN professionals in terms of earnings. Canadian TN workers earned an average weekly wage of $2,810, compared to $1,623 for Mexican professionals. Differences in occupation, age, and education contribute to this wage gap.
- Geographic Distribution: TN professionals are not confined to the most populous states. While California and Texas employ many TN workers, states with smaller immigrant populations, like Montana and North Dakota, rely on TN professionals to fill critical labor gaps.
The Impact of TN Professionals on the U.S. Labor Market
Data from the Baker Institute indicates that TN workers account for 0.6% of all college-educated employees in TN-eligible occupations. While their workforce share has remained relatively small, TN professionals are essential in STEM fields and help address labor shortages in less populated states.
Conclusion
As the TN Visa program marks 30 years, its influence on the U.S. labor market is undeniable. With growing participation from Mexican professionals and sustained contributions from Canadian workers, the program continues to meet the demands of key U.S. industries. If you’re considering applying for a TN Visa, consulting with an immigration attorney can help ensure you meet all the eligibility criteria.
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