F/M Student Employment: Working in the U.S. on an F-1 Visa

F/M Student Employment Overview for F-1 Visa Holders

Contents:

• Understanding F-1 Visa Employment Rules
• Types of Employment for F-1 Students
• On-Campus Employment
• Off-Campus Employment Options
  • Curricular Practical Training (CPT)
  • Optional Practical Training (OPT)
• Employment Authorization and SEVIS
• Conclusion

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Understanding F-1 Visa Employment Rules

Students in the U.S. on an F-1 visa, often called FM (Foreign Management) students, have specific guidelines governing their ability to work while studying. These rules are set by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and are carefully managed through the SEVIS (Student and Exchange Visitor Information System) to ensure students maintain their visa status.

Types of Employment for F-1 Students

F-1 students may qualify for two main types of employment:

1. On-Campus Employment
2. Off-Campus Employment (CPT and OPT)

Each type has its own eligibility criteria, limitations, and application procedures.

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On-Campus Employment

What it Covers: On-campus employment includes work performed at the school’s facilities or jobs that support the school’s educational objectives. Examples might include roles in libraries, labs, bookstores, and cafeterias.

Eligibility and Limitations:

• Eligibility: Students can start on-campus work once they begin their studies.
• Hours Limit: Up to 20 hours per week during the semester, and full-time during breaks or vacations.
• No Authorization Needed: Typically, on-campus employment doesn’t require special authorization from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), but students should confirm with their Designated School Official (DSO).

Off-Campus Employment Options

Important Note: Off-campus employment is usually only available in cases of significant financial hardship or through specific programs like Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT).

Curricular Practical Training (CPT)

What is CPT?
CPT is a type of off-campus employment directly related to a student’s major and must be an integral part of their curriculum. It’s most often used for internships, cooperative education, or practicum experiences.

Eligibility and Rules:

• Eligibility: Students can only participate after completing one academic year (exceptions apply for graduate students in programs requiring immediate training).
• Hours Limit: CPT can be part-time (20 hours per week or less) or full-time. Note that full-time CPT may affect OPT eligibility later.
• Authorization Needed: CPT requires DSO approval and an update in SEVIS before beginning work.

Optional Practical Training (OPT)

What is OPT?
OPT is temporary employment directly related to a student’s major. It’s available pre-completion (before graduation) and post-completion (after graduation).

Eligibility and Rules:

• Eligibility: Students can apply after completing one academic year. Each student is eligible for up to 12 months of OPT per education level (bachelor’s, master’s, Ph.D.).
• STEM Extension: Certain STEM graduates may qualify for a 24-month extension.
• Authorization Needed: OPT requires USCIS approval. Students should apply at least 90 days before their desired start date due to processing times.

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Employment Authorization and SEVIS

For any off-campus employment (CPT or OPT), authorization is required and must be reflected in the SEVIS system. DSOs are essential in this process; they verify eligibility and help students navigate SEVIS updates. Unauthorized employment can lead to serious consequences, including termination of the F-1 visa status, so it’s critical that students follow all SEVIS reporting requirements.

Conclusion

F-1 students have various opportunities to gain practical work experience in the U.S., but they must carefully follow employment guidelines to maintain their status. On-campus roles, CPT, and OPT provide valuable work options with specific conditions and application processes. Always consult with your school’s DSO to ensure compliance with SEVIS and USCIS regulations.